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    Zero-Day Research/CVE-2026-44042
    ▲ LowCVSS 3.7✓ Patched

    wi_uudecode Boundary Off-by-One — Bounded (UltraVNC Repeater)

    UltraVNC repeater through 1.8.2.2 contains an off-by-one error in the Base64 decode helper used for HTTP Basic authentication. In repeater/webgui/webutils.c:817, the wi_uudecode() function checks whether the input length exceeds the output buffer with a strict greater-than comparison (>), while the correct check should be greater-than-or-equal (>=). When strlen(authdata) equals sizeof(decode), the decoded output length (approximately 3/4 of input) does not overflow the buffer in current practice because the outer HTTP request bounds constrain the Authorization header. However, the defective check leaves a latent off-by-one condition that could become exploitable if the buffering constraints change. The current risk is limited to a one-byte write at the boundary of a 1024-byte stack buffer under constrained conditions.

    CVE IDCVE-2026-44042
    CVSS v3.13.7 Low
    VendorUltraVNC
    CWECWE-193: Off-by-one Error
    DisclosedJun 3, 2026
    StatusFixed
    All advisories
    • 01Description
    • 02Proof of Concept
    • 03Vulnerable Code
    • 04Trigger Conditions
    • 05Impact
    • 06Remediation
    • 07Timeline
    • 08References
    01/Description

    What this actually is.

    Technical background, root cause, and affected surface.

    In repeater/webgui/webutils.c:817, wi_uudecode() uses a strict > comparison to check whether decoded data fits in the output buffer. The correct check should be >=. At the exact boundary (strlen(authdata)==sizeof(decode)), the NUL terminator write lands one byte past the 1024-byte decode buffer. Currently bounded by HTTP header constraints.

    Vendor
    UltraVNC
    Product
    UltraVNC Repeater
    Severity
    Low
    CVSS Score
    3.7
    Status
    Fixed
    Vector
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
    CWE
    CWE-193: Off-by-one Error
    02/Proof of Concept

    From one request
    to root shell.

    Reproduced in a sandboxed environment. Requires only LAN or WiFi adjacency.

    3.7CVSS 3.1
    VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
    ScopeUnchanged
    ImpactC:N / I:N / A:L
    SeverityLow
    PoC · Exploitation Steps▲ trigger
    01No PoC — bounded and not exploitable in current HTTP flow.
    03/Vulnerable Code

    The bug, and the fix.

    // webutils.c:846 if (strlen(authdata) > sizeof(decode)) goto failed; // should be >= // At exact boundary: decoded NUL written at decode[1024] — 1 byte OOB

    Root cause: Strict > comparison instead of >= in buffer overflow guard. decode() function lacks explicit output buffer size parameter.

    04/Trigger Conditions

    When does this fire?

    All conditions must be true for the exploit to succeed.

    Would require strlen(authdata) exactly equal to sizeof(decode)=1024 bytes in the Authorization header. Under normal HTTP Basic auth usage this does not occur.

    05/Impact

    What an attacker does to you.

    Post-exploitation outcomes mapped to CVSS impact metrics.

    Latent off-by-one. No current exploitable path. At the exact 1024-byte boundary, NUL could write 1 byte past the decode buffer onto the stack.

    06/Remediation

    Fix it. In this order.

    A runbook, not a checklist. Sequence matters — assume compromise before you act.

    Change > to >= in the caller check. Add outbufsize parameter to wi_uudecode. Vendor fix applied: outbufsize parameter added; >= guard applied.

    Securin advisory — For coordinated remediation support or threat-actor briefings related to CVE-2026-44042, contact disclose@securin.io
    07/Disclosure Timeline

    Vendors moved in days.
    Attackers in hours.

    Reconstructed from vendor advisories, CISA bulletins, and Securin research records.

    2026-06-02: Discovered during audit; 2026-06-17: Reported to vendor; 2026-06-17: Fix validated; 2026-09-03: Planned public disclosure

    Timeline recorded · Disclosure coordinated by Securin

    08/References

    Cite, verify, go deeper.

    Primary sources — NVD, CISA KEV, and machine-readable IoC feed.

    NVD

    NVD — CVE-2026-44042

    nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44042 →
    SEC

    Securin VI — Full Technical Analysis

    vi.securin.io →
    REF

    CVE-2026-44042; repeater/webgui/webutils.c:817,846; phase3_deep_analysis.md FINDING-008

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